Traffic lights Verkeerslichten
De regel · The rule
Red: stop before the stop line. Amber: stop, unless you are so close you cannot stop safely.
RVV 1990 art. 68

Why this rule exists
Lights split a busy junction in turns. Running amber or red breaks that and puts you in someone else's green.
Test yourself
Kees' three questions on this rule, the “Wist je dat?” facts and his tip come with the drive, in Voorrah! Pro.